The Crucible Elizabeth Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Elizabeth Essay The definition of judgement according to Encarta Encyclopedia, is the formation of an opinion. It is a simple definition, clear and direct. Although, there is more to the word judgement than meets the eye. What about the last word in the definition? What is an opinion? An opinion is described as a belief or conclusion that is held without any substantial proof. That word might not seem to have too much significance at this very moment, but it did back in 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, during the witch scare. Making a judgement on somebody may seem harmless, but it can be very destructive. The citizens of Salem made judgements on their neighbors, forming opinions that they might be witches. Those solitary judgements led to many peoples deaths, and guess what. Their judgements of witchcraft were wrong. Arthur Miller gives people some insight into the Salem witch trials in his play, The Crucible, which shows how peoples poor judgement led to hysteria and tragedy in the community of Salem. It also shows how the people changed because of this witch scare that ran furiously through the town. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible Elizabeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Elizabeth Proctor is one of these people, who undergoes a major change because of the events that occurred in Salem. In the beginning, she forms an unfair opinion of her husband, John. She finds it very hard to forgive him for certain actions. At the very end she ultimately has a change of heart, realizing the potential destruction and harm of her judgments. She realizes that she is not the one to be faultfinding of John and says she will not judge him regardless of what he does or decides to do. Now that is all well and good, but she didnt just all of a sudden change her mind on the issue. She didnt just all at once receive some divine wisdom that she was wrong. There are many factors that changed her mind and that led to her new perception of judgement. Explaining this switch of mind frame that Elizabeth underwent needs some description of what actually happened to make her judge John the way she did in the first place. Everything began when a girl named Abigail was working for the Proctors in their home. Elizabeth at sometime found out that John had sexual relations with Abigail, so she took the situation into her own hands and fired Abigail. From that point on, Elizabeth was a bit wary of Johns words, wondering and questioning in her mind whether they were true or not. She found it hard to forgive him for his actions. Meanwhile, while John and Elizabeth were having problems in their home, outside in the town people were being accused of witchcraft right and left. The main accuser was Abigail. Her and her friends had actually been some of the first accused of witchcraft because they were seen dancing naked in the woods, an unheard of act in their Puritan society. So to get themselves out of a potential death sentence, they started accusing innocent people. They did it with such resolution that many of the people believed them and came to fear some of the accused. Now Abigail didnt tell anyone that everything they were saying was untrue. She only told John Proctor. Another very interesting bit of information in this conversation was not well taken by Abigail, either. John said that he would never again even think about going back to Abigail. That comment spurred on a very evil plot by Abigail to completely remove Elizabeth from the picture so she could have John to herself. .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .postImageUrl , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:hover , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:visited , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:active { border:0!important; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:active , .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304 .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83c9f38cf85b38edf098fa99823a4304:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Devils Carousel EssayAbigail is a conniving and evil girl, whose main concern is her own well being. She felt that if she could get rid of Elizabeth then John would be hers. So she accused Elizabeth of being a witch, knowing that Elizabeth would be hanged if convicted. She already had much of the community convinced her stories were sincere, so she knew this little lie would not be any less believable than the other ones she had already told. Of course, Elizabeth was not exactly delighted about being falsely accused. Her life was on the line because people believed the words of Abigail. The town was judging her, and she did not like it at all, but she had not yet realized that she was had actually been doing the same thing to her husband. John initially did not want to get involved in the witch trials, but he needed to defend his wife. He knew Abigail was lying and he went to the trial to try and prove that to the judges. Now, he knew the only way he could really save Elizabeth was by confessing that he had a romance with Abigail, and that Elizabeth had fired her because of it. Confessing, he knew would ruin his reputation, but he didnt care about himself as much as saving his wife. Although both were accused of witchcraft anyway, by the end of that trial Elizabeth had realized that she had been judging John wrongly all this time, for he was an honest man. All this time she hadnt given him credit for his integrity, didnt really believe he had much. Yet, her life was almost saved because of it. Later the judges came, saying that if anyone admitted to practicing witchcraft, he would not be hanged. Elizabeth had held her ground, and did not say anything to them. The judges knew she would not budge with her feelings, but they sent her to John to see if she could convince him to confess so that his life might be spared. John asked Elizabeth whether he should admit to witchery to save his life even though it was a lie. Elizabeth just said that no matter what he decided, she would not judge him anymore. She knew that she should not have judged him to begin with. She realized at the end of the trial that John was much more than she gave him credit for, much more than what she saw through her obstinate and partial eyes. He had given up the respect of every one of the citizens of Salem to try and save her, even with the thoughts of the distrust and resentment she had showed towards him. Her actions were punishment without a cause, and she knew it. Elizabeth was wrong in her judgement of him, and it hurt not only John, but also both of them. Her actions were punishment without a cause, is a phrase that parallels on the whole witch scare and trials that took place. Elizabeth probably felt that what she did to John was very similar to what the people were doing to her. They were putting her on trial for something they thought might be true about her. The narrow-minded citizens of Salem were judging her wrongly of witchcraft, and because of it she would probably be killed. The witch trials may have been on a bit larger intensity scale than her and John, but the concept was the same. No matter what it is, judgement especially without proof is terribly sinister and can have adverse effects on everyone involved. Once Elizabeth saw the similarities of herself and her neighbors, who were forming such outrageous opinions of her with absolutely no justification, she realized she had to change. .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .postImageUrl , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:hover , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:visited , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:active { border:0!important; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:active , .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41 .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7fc7a5908a53dd996979eeecf6437d41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Romeo and Juliet" was, and still is the most famous tragedy of all time EssaySo, she refused to judge him for whatever decision he made. Knowing finally that she should not be the one to intervene with his decision by thinking a certain way about him or telling him what to do, she said simply, He is good now. God forbid I take it from him! She realized at last that one part of his character might have been a bit flawed, but she should not have used that as the base of her opinion for the rest of his character. She realized that God is the only one that sees all, and that she was a fool if she tried to play His role for Him.

Internet essays

Mobile Phones/Internet essays Mobile phones have changed the way the world communicates. With the invention of the cellular phone service in 1983, personal telephones no longer depended on wires. In the 90's it was now possible to connect to the Internet from virtually anywhere in the world from your cellular phone using satellite services. Some countries depend on cellular phones as their main source of communication, such as China. For the people in China, it is too expensive to own a house phone; therefore nearly everyone carries a cellular phone. In the U.S., only about 28 percent of the U.S. population uses mobile phones. In the U.S. cellular phones are becoming not only a way of communication, but also a fashion statement for teenagers. A little more than 60 percent of Iceland, Norway, and Sweden's populations own cellular phones. 40 to 50 percent of Europe and Japan's population also own cellular phones. These countries are among the many that depend on cellular phones for a cheap way to communicate. The Internet began as just a small computer network that linked other networks at several universities and research laboratories in the United States. It has now come to be much more. The Internet is used world wide to find anything you want, from simple cooking instructions to how to build complex bombs. Post offices have lost a lot of money since the Internet became available worldwide. People now communicate through e-mail (electronic mail) and no longer need the post office except for packages and occasionally snail mail just for fun. E-mail is much faster than ordinary mail and is more efficient than phones. Almost everyone uses e-mail, from big businesses to small companies, and also home use. Napster, the famous file-swapping service, stirred up a lot of controversy in the 90s. Napster was used to swap mp3s (digital music files that can be played on y ...

Role of the Church in the French Revolution Term Paper

Role of the Church in the French Revolution - Term Paper Example In addition to this declaration by the different kings, there was the element of kings having a theory â€Å"Theory of the Divine Right of Kings†, and from this, the church was responsible for having kings proclaim that they ruled by the will of God. This made them close to being of a divine nature in that they were not responsible to any man or creature on earth, but rather to God. The role of the church, therefore, was imposition of earthly leadership upon the people of France and supporting through religious values that were considered to be highly misguided during the revolution. However, in the period before the revolution, the church vested large amounts of power in the monarchy such that kings during this period exercised unlimited powers and the church did nothing about the evils that royalty committed. The church by the original vestment of spiritual leadership in France did not condemn any of the activities that royalty engaged in at any given, which was inclusive of wasteful practices by the leaders, as well as arbitral tax increments. This role of the church was indicative of negligence to the plight of the people, which was part of why the French revolution took place as the church backed every decision that the absolute made including execution and dispensation of justice, as well denial of basic rights to subjects, who were the French people. In addition to this, the church brought about confusion amongst the subjects of France by having overlapping duties and roles with the then government, or rather governments as this took place over a long time. Dispensation of justice was one of the parts that brought this confusion, where it contributed heavily to lack of justice and uniform law under which subjects could be governed. In France, there were three courts whose roles overlapped, one of them was the church’s court, whose rulings, and laws were contradictory with the royal and financial courts leading to

Information Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Studies - Essay Example Based on my readings, information literacy is the ability to know what information is needed to solve a problem, the skill to organize that information, and the intuition to know that a source of information is credible with the knowledge of where to look elsewhere. The concept of information literacy, then, is related to the epistemological problem of what is knowledge and what are the credible sources of knowledge, using modern terminology and more practical goals. For the Educational Testing Service, their assessment of Information Literacy is valid but it is not sound. The people in ETS have assumed that the population is more or less homogeneous. If that's the case, any result would be conclusive, and any mistake will like stem from an incompetent administrator of their assessment tool. However, their testing instrument is not sound since the population is more or less heterogeneous. They completely ignored the role of social classes. Different people from different classes will have different values on certain information. The better off a person, the larger is his or her social capital. This has created a digital divide. Formerly, it was just a problem of the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. Now, it is a problem of the rich knowing more and more by which to get richer and richer, while the poor will not learn enough to get rich or even a decent living. Until these issu Until these issues are resolved, I hold that the Educational Testing Services must revise their instrument, assumptions, and methodologies so that information literacy can be accurately and reliably measure across differently types of people in the country. 2. A group of software developers has recently published a letter to president Obama encouraging the new administration to adopt open source software in the government's IT infrastructure. Imagine what arguments they may have to support the use open source software by government agencies. What might be some of the drawbacks associated with the government's use of open source software Using the pros and cons you outline, draw your own conclusion about whether the federal government should use open source software. Arguments for the use of open source software are as follows: With the global financial crisis hitting the major economies worldwide and the US government on deficit spending, it is only logical that the government should cut costs. Government financial officials are injecting taxpayers' money to salvage ailing financial institutions, even at the risk of hyperinflation due to artificially low interest rates. It is a fact that every few years, or even months, commercial software companies like Microsoft will release updates or new versions of commercial software. If governments or corporations will like the new features, they will have to purchase updates. Hence, more costs are involved. This can be prevented through the use of open source software. Since they are free, the government could save much from potential expenditures. Besides, monopolies like Microsoft must not be tolerated. If the government could show some support to independent software developers, then true competition and capitalism could help lower the cost of commercial software. The public will benefit, and improved features can be expected. The arguments against the use of Open Source are as follows: Open Source software are not as used as commercial softwar

In-depth analysis of the great military leader George S. Patton from a Research Paper

In-depth analysis of the great military leader George S. Patton from a biographical and characteristic analysis prospective - Research Paper Example Background information Having been born in 1885, George S. Patton rose to become one of the finest officers in the army wing of the United States military. General George Patton, born in San Gabriel to George Smith Patton Sr. came from a Scots-Irish and English descent, according to the study of Wilcox (2010). As a little boy, he was a devoted reader; he particularly liked military stories and classics. This is because he grew up in a military family, though some of his relatives died earlier during the war. According to Wellard (2006), George Patton acquired the motivation to venture into military studies from his family members, who had the love of protecting the people and the entire country. George Patton joined Virginia military institute to pursue his ambitions for one year, and there he undertook studies on the Kappa Alpha Order. Having completed the one year course, George Patton enrolled in the United States Military Academy, which made it mandatory for him to repeat his fir st year as a result of poor performance in some subjects including mathematics. Due to George Patton’s enthusiastic attitude, he repeated the subject and received an honor declaring him a Cadet Adjutant, which was the second highest position a cadet could hold. Having shown dedication in his quest for being in the military, George Patton finished his studies in 1909 and was in a position to become cavalry officer. Literature review The essay focuses on the efforts that George Patton made to ensure that one day he becomes an artistic military officer. This is through enrollment in military schools as seen in the book by Sutcliffe (2005). The thesis places emphasis on the achievements of George Patton from the time he was working as a junior officer until the time when he climbed to become a general in the army. The essay focuses on the various expeditions that George Patton went through, the decisions that he was making that would negatively and positively affect various parti es, and the controversy surrounding him. Having been in the World Wars I and II, George Patton’s character depicts exemplary leadership; the essay explains his qualities that depict able leadership, including the decisions made during the attack on France and Mexico. Visiting injured soldiers shows that he was a praiseworthy leader. The essay focuses on the ways and methods used by George Patton in his quest to secure the nation through the military. The findings in the research regarding the efforts done by George Patton are in consideration. This is because they help link the research question with the previous works written by other researchers. Methodology Among the most important expeditions that the general led is the first mobilized military attack by the United State of America. In this punitive expedition, George Patton had a duty of conducting border patrols around the Fort Bliss. During the expeditions, some militia men made an attack on Mexico, killing a number of American citizens. The attackers faced retaliation from the armed forces led by George Patton. The attack mission was under his leadership; as a result of his enthusiasm towards the mission, according to the study work of Rice (2004), George Patton gained the title of personal aide to the general. General Patton also took part in the World War I, according to Rejai and Phillips (2006); at the onset of the war, when America made a decision to participate,

How Do Organisations Build Customer Relationships?

How Do Organisations Build Customer Relationships? Why do organisations seek to build relationships with customers and how do they successfully develop such relationships? Terms of Reference In the pursuit of my studies for a degree in â€Å"Business Studies and Marketing,† and to aid my chosen career development and progression in the future, I have selected a specific area of marketing as the topic for this dissertation, this relating to the concept of customer relationships development and, in particular, the determination of why this is so important to organisations and what comprises a successful marketing strategy to achieve these ends. There has been a considerable amount of literature related to the issue of customer relationships and its management, which covers areas including the use of branding and brand loyalty as part of the market strategy needed to create such relationships. In addition, although almost as a separate issue, other empirical researches have been undertaken into the study of the consumer practical and psychological buying determinants. However, as Jerry Zaltman (2003) states in introducing his consumer research â€Å"too many marketers don’t understand how their own and their customers minds interact.† The purpose of this dissertation is to take a closer look at the level of interaction that should exist between the two areas of research and endeavour to determine how a greater level of research and understanding of the consumer buying determinants can be used to enhance the successful creation of the consumer relationship management strategy objectives of the firm. In order to provide a greater understanding of this subject, the dissertation will focus on the following objectives: Provide an understanding of customer buying determinates Define the term â€Å"customer relationship† and the benefits that building such relationships provide for the corporation Identify how an understanding can assist in the development of a firm’s customer relationship strategy and management. Literature Review As Zaltman (2003) and Evans et al (2006) suggest, understanding consumer psychology and buying determinates should be a pre-requisite for building successful brand strategies that lead to the building and managing of successful customer relationships, although this is not always deemed to be the case. Therefore, the literature review for this dissertation will concentrate upon three main aspects of this subject, this being consumer behavioural determinates, branding and consumer loyalty and retention, and customer relationship management and the tools used Consumer behaviour determinates Consumer behaviour is driven, consciously or sub-consciously, by a combinations of emotional, physical and psychological elements. This includes experience created memories, both past and present, which are used to judge the quality and appropriateness of a purchase to the consumers needs and satisfaction, as Bagozzi et al (2002), Zaltman et al (2002) and Evans et al (2006) explain at length in their studies. As this research further stresses, the memory element is an important element of the study as it creates the perception that consumers associate with the product or service. The involvement of habit, peer pressure and demographics are other important consumer determinants that organisations need to consider. For example, being subjected to family influences, following the pack, a peer pressure that is particularly relevant to the younger age group, are all parts of the consumer decision-making process. As Zaltman (2003) and Evans et al (2006) discovered, evidence of the successful integration of these determinates to entice consumers to products can be found in the adoption of nostalgic advertising and â€Å"fad† promotion using celebrity endorsement. These also help to retain the consumer’s custom in the case of new products (Arnold 1992). Demographics, in the form of targeting, determines which customer segment or group of segments is most likely to need or desire the product (Arnold 1992 and Stroud 2005), for example, dividing the consumer into age groups of appropriate value to the product being marketed. However, it has also been sugge sted that there is, within the consumer determinant, the need to consider the impact that emotional attachment to the product can have upon the consumer decision-making process and loyalty (Durgee 1999, Shrimp and Madden 198 and Thomson et al 2005). The study and researching of all these determinants, together with the issues of trust and confidence, are important if an organisation wants to create a successful relationship strategy with the consumer because, as (Kelly 2005) states, the purchase is only confirming that these have been met in the mind of the consumer. Branding and loyalty Commercial organisations attract consumers to their products by the method known as Branding, endeavouring to create an automatic and lasting consumer reaction in terms of perception and association, as found with McDonalds equating to burgers, (Haig 2004). The art and purpose of branding can therefore be seen to have two main purposes. The first of these relates to quality, standard and reputation (Kolter 2002), which is important to repeat purchase (Kolter 2002 and Kracklauer et al 2003), and the second is to achieve a dominant market position (Buttle 2004 and Bruhn 2006). Experts are of the opinion that there are two important aspect to focus upon when developing a branding strategy within CRM, the first of which is its usage in the process of targeting and forming a connection with the consumer, which is need to create a foundation for a relationship that can be nurtured over time. An essential part of the targeting process is research into demographics and segmentation, a task by which the marketer is able to closely identify which customer segment or group of segments is most likely to be attracted to the product because of need, desire, emotional attachment or financial capability. Arnold (1992 and Stoud (2005) have suggested that, with many marketers, some segments, such as the older age groups are overlooked, irrespective of the recorded increase in their disposable incomes. The second aspect when developing branding strategy is related to longevity. As the downfall of Marks and Spencer PLC in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s evidenced, brands have a short life and need undated to retain their relevance, both in terms of physical appearance and connection with the changes in consumer needs and perceptions (Floor 2006 and Haig 2004). Loyalty and retention Floor’s (2006) research states, â€Å"as long as the†¦ experience matches the brand identity, the consumer will come back.† This is known as the loyalty factor. Customer loyalty can be achieved in a number of ways. This includes the traditional methods of special offers, saver and store cards (Kracklauer 2003: 5; Buttle 2004: 10 and Bruhn 2006: 15). The concept here is that, whilst the customer derives benefit the store itself benefits from constant contact with the customer, as a result of these services, it acquires a considerable amount of research data about the customer. This is essential if a business wants to improve and better manage the customer relationship management system. Customer Relationship Management The potential conclusion from the above is that the marketer has to incorporate consumer determinants, branding and loyalty into a customer relationship designed to achieve the business objectives of increased product sales (Zaltman 2003). The crux of customer relationship management is the importance of every customer, recognising that a lost customer costs (Kracklauer et al 2003 and Buttle 2004). Therefore it is important to build a relationship and bond with each consumer (Kelly 2005 and Bruhn 2006). However, to ensure that this relationship building is approached in the correct manner, it is important to ensure that the firm and its marketers are fully cognisant of the factors that need to form the foundation of their research. As can be observed from the explanations given earlier this includes consumer behaviour and loyalty, but also the effect that â€Å"brand love† has upon this element of the relationship. CRM Tools There are a number of Branding and Loyalty tools that the CRM process can use to continue developing the relationship between organisations and customers. Loyalty cards are one possibility for data collection, which is essential in CRM (Buttle 2004). This data can be used to aid understanding of changing consumer needs and desires, directing them to purchase other products and as a basis for designing future promotional and marketing campaigns (Bruhn 2006 and Kracklauer 2006). If the relationship is close, the customer will also recommend the business, thus helping increase market share. Data Sources It was decided that the data sources being used for this dissertations will be a combination of a qualitative and quantitative nature. The reason for this is that the secondary data can be used as a means of comparison and evaluation of the primary data. Primary Data The intention is to collect primary data using a process of structured questionnaires. The questions will be designed around a combination of the â€Å"closed† and â€Å"open† format with the intention of these being directed to the areas that require an affirmative or negative response in terms of the former and a multiple choice option for the latter. It is also intended to provide additional spacing within which the interviewees can add personal comments if considered appropriate. The intention, time and resources permitting, is to distribute around 150 questionnaires and interviews, of which 25 will be directed to employees at all levels within the retailing industry and the remainder to consumers across a wide range of age and lifestyle segmentations. This mode of distribution has been chosen for two purposes. The first is to test the comment about lack of connection of minds between consumers and marketers mention by Zaltman (2003) and the second is to provide practical evidence of the consumer buying determinates used within the decision-making process. Clear definition of the reason for the questionnaire and the purposes for which it will be used will be included in explanatory notes. Space will also be provided with each answer to allow for comments that the respondents may wish to add. In addition, and in order to comply with data and identity protection, there will be no identifying questions included apart from age, occupation and other non-personally descriptive issues. Secondary data From a practical viewpoint, and in particular to be utilised for comparative purposes in respect of the authors own qualitative research, data from newspapers and periodicals, as well as the results of previously relevant surveys will be researched and included. The benefit of the gathering of extensive secondary data is that it can be useful for the purpose of cross referencing and evaluation of accuracy and compatibility. Methodology The methodology being used for this research can be summarised as follows. The initial period of time allocated to the research will be utilised in the gathering of data from external sources and analysing the relevance to the subject matter. This will additionally be useful in the preparation of the questionnaire to be used for the collection of primary data. Once this data has been collected, the draft and final questionnaires will be prepared and distributed. During the time required for the return of completed questionnaires, work will be commenced on areas of the dissertation, such as the literature review. Once the questionnaires have been returned and analysed using the Excel programme, these will be introduced to the dissertation to enable the analysis of the responses and findings. It is anticipated that, during the preparation of the study, additional secondary data may be required. Where this is appropriate, it will be collected and added to the existing references indicated at the closure of this proposal. Project Framework Although during the course of the dissertations preparation the final project framework may be subject to change the current intention, in order to create a logical and sequential progression for the study, is to base the project around the following breakdown of chapters: Chapter 1. Introduction In order to provide the reader with a clear understanding of the purpose and direction of the dissertation, this chapter will serve as an introduction to the subject matter. It will therefore include a brief definition of the term customer buying determinants and how this theory fits within the wider concept of consumer relationship management. In addition, a brief overview of the aims and objectives of the research will be included. Within this chapter a clear hypothesis for the research will also be set. Chapter 2. Literature Review In research of this nature it is important that the findings be founded, set against, and compared with existing literature relating to the subject. Therefore, a critical review of literature will be conducted in this chapter, which is intended to cover the research into all aspects of consumer behavioural determinates, branding and consumer loyalty and retention and customer relationship management. Chapter 3. Methodology In a step-by-step process, chapter three will be used to explain the methods used for the preparation and execution of the dissertation. This will include my reasoning for the data collection methods, which relates to both primary and secondary sources, the origination of the data and the methods by which it was to be analysed and assimilated into the final study. Furthermore, the limitations of my research will also be included within this chapter. Chapter 4. Results and Findings In chapter four it is intended to analyse the results of my findings into the areas that have been studied, in a manner that will the reader with an understanding and explanation of the basis upon which the conclusions of the research has been derived. For ease of understanding and explanation statistical and graphical diagrams will be used where appropriate, particular in explaining the results of the primary research. Chapter 5. Analysis and discussion Using the findings form the primary and secondary sources outlined in chapter 4, this chapter will further analyse those results and discuss the affect that these have upon the interrelationship between consumer determinants, branding, brand loyalty and the commercial CRM strategy process in general. Furthermore, the discussion will outline the commercial benefits of combining these two disciplines for the purpose of marketing strategy. Chapter 6. Conclusion Chapter six brings the research to a conclusion. This section will convey to the reader whether the research conducted has proved or disproved the hypothesis presented in the introduction. In addition, recommendations in respect of further area of research required and actions that corporations should take as a result of the findings will also be outlined within this concluding chapter. Other comments The intention of this dissertation is to add value to the existing research that has been conducted into the fields of consumer determinants and customer relationship management (CRM), in particular in respect of identifying the beneficial impact that building relationships with customers has for the corporations, together with the practical ways that the result of consumer determinants research can be added to the practical elements of marketing research into branding, consumer relationship and loyalty can be used as a further tool to enhance the success of their promotional strategy in this area. References   Arnold D (1992). The Handbook of Brand Management. Century Business: The Economist Books. London, UK. Bagozzi, Richard P. Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep and Priester, Joseph R (2002). The Social Pyschology of Consumer Behaviour. Open University Press. Buckingham, UK. Bailey, Craig (2005). Unlocking the Value of Your Customer Satisfaction Surveys. CRM Today, May 2005. Bruhn, Manfred (2006). Service Marketing: Managing the Service Value Chain. Pearson Education. Harlow, UK. Buttle, Francis (2004). Customer Relationship Managements. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford, UK Durgee, J.F. (1999). Deep soulful satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behaviour, 12, 53 – 63. Evans, Martin. Jamal, Ahmed and Foxall, Gordon (2006). Consumer Behaviour. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Chichester, UK. Floor, Ko (2006). Branding a Store: How to Build Successful Retail Brands in a Changing Marketplace. Kogan Page Ltd. London, UK. Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research. Vol. 24. pp.343 – 373. Haig, Matt (2004) Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time. Kogan Page Ltd. London, UK. Kelly, Sean. (2005). Customer intelligence From Data to Dialogue. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Chichester, UK. Kolter, Phillip (2002). Marketing Management. 11th edition. FT Prentice Hall. London. UK. Kracklauer, Alexander H., Mills, Daniel, Q and Seifert (2003). Collaborative Customer Relationship Management: Taking CRM to the Next Level. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. New York, US Oliver, R.L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63 (Special Issue), pp.33 – 44. Oliver, R.L., Rust, R.T., Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73, 311 – 36. Reichheld, F. and Sasser, W. (1990) Zero defects: quality comes to services. Harvard Business Review, Sept-Oct, 1990, pp 105-111 Shimp, T.A., Madden, T.J. (1988). Consumer-object relations: a conceptual framework based analogously on Stermberg’s triangular theory of love. In: Houston M.J. (ed), Advances in consumer research, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, vol. 15 pp. 163 – 168. Stroud, Dick. (2005) The 50 Plus Market: Why the Future is Age-neutral when it comes to Marketing and Branding Strategies. Kogan Page Ltd. Chichester, UK Thomson, M., McGinnis, D.J., Park, C.W. (2005). The ties that bind: measuring the strength of consumer’s emotional attachment to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15, 77 – 91. Zaltman, Jerry (2003) How Customers Think. Essential Insights into the mind of the market. Harvard Business School Press. Massachusetts, US.

Par, Inc.

Here is the report about Par, Inc. , is a major manufacturer of golf equipment test whether the new ball drive longer distance than the current model. To compare the driving distances for the two balls, 40 simple tests both of new and current models were subjected to distance tests. According to the data, we got the information we need for a hypothesis test as follow: | Current| New| Means| 269. 42| 266. 67| Count | 40| 40| Standard Deviation| 8. 09| 9. 79| Confidence Level(95. 0%)| 2. 59| 3. 13| | | The 40 simple of both current and new model golf balls show that the average distance of the new ball drive is less than the current model, but the standard deviation of new ball is 9. 79 which is larger than the current one and It imply the new ball is not stable as the current one, it has more chance drive longer or shorter than the current model. But at present, we can’t get the conclusion which ball drive longer distance, So we need a hypothesis test the difference of this two ball models.The hypothesis test suggested follows: H0:Â µ 1-Â µ 2? 0 Ha:Â µ 1-Â µ 2>0 We use this formula for a hypothesis test to compare the driving distance of the current and new golf balls. After analyses, we get the conclusion that we can’t reject the null hypothesis. Because this is a hypothesis test about two different populations, standard deviation of population is unknown and we use t-test and the p-value we got equals 0. 09 which is much bigger than the confidence level of 0. 05. So it is Type? error and we do not reject the null hypothesis.And we recommend the company to use the new model, that there is more chance to drive longer distance. The confidence interval we got for each model and or the difference between the means of the two populations are given below: Current: 266. 83~272. 00 New:263. 54~269. 80 The difference between two populations: -1. 26~6. 74 As the interval show above, at the level of 95% confidence, the distance current ball can drive is between 266. 83 and 272. 00 and the new one can drive between 263. 54 and 269. 80.And the new ball can drive longer distance till 6. 74 than the current one, but it is possible that the new ball drive shorter distance than the current till 1. 26. I think simple sizes for this test is not enough. Because the population of ball is very big and there are only 40 simples testing. We make assumption that the population of the ball is 1000 the simple size now is 5 and the proportion is 40/1000 and NP equals 1. 6, N (1-P) equals 38. 4. The NP is smaller than 5 so. We need more simple sizes to make the test much exactly.

Human Resource of Ritz Carlton Essay

Introduction In today’s economy where knowledge and skills demand are rising, it is also the responsibility of an organization’s human resource team to analyze and ensure they recruit the most appropriate candidate for the job. Organisations have been seeking, attracting and retaining the best talents available in order to overcome the competitive challenges that they are facing today. Apart from achieving the strategic goals and objectives of an organization, human resource management (HRM) also plays a part in the output of a company performance as it lays down strategic decisions, policies, as well as systems, that may affect the most important asset in the organization, its employees (Armstrong, 2008, p.5). In this assignment, it will reference to Ritz Carlton that is one of the most successful organizations that have acknowledged their human resource (employees) as the most important asset to achieve goals and objectives. The focus on human resources into recruiting, selecting and development has aided them to achieve several worldwide recognition awards such as the gold standard of hospitality (The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, 2011). Recruitment and Selection Hellriegel and Slocum (2007, p.161) states that Ritz Carlton knows the type of employees they are looking for in every job position, and is careful to only employ those who display the skills and behavior required to accomplish the job. Ritz Carlton has always been successful in selecting and recruiting the most suitable talents to their organisations that will fit into their cultures, values and service standard that is crucial in maintaining or even heighten the standard of Ritz Carlton. With positions that require employees to be on the front line to interact and serve guests, it is of utmost importance that an employee is able to provide the level of service required to meet or exceed the satisfaction level of the guests as failing to do so may result in negative feedback, leading to poor company performance. In the success of Ritz Carlton, its employees had played a significant role by blending into the organization’s culture, abiding by the organization’s value and philosophy, to create a unique and pleasant experience for its guests. Training & Development A well planned and structured training not only provides information and direction to accomplish specific tasks related to organizational needs and objectives, it also leads to behavioral change and improvement in job performance (Vaughn, 2005, p.2) In Ritz Carlton, be it current employees or new hires, employees are provided with an array of opportunities to learn and develop skills to facilitate and enhance employee performance. In the case of an employee in management role, training could lead him to better decision-making skills for both himself, and for the organization. For employees in the non-management positions, training could include developing the necessary skills, knowledge, the right mindset, as well as the abilities to resolve problems. Today, with the numerous awards won for its legendary services, Ritz Carlton had proven that its employees had been consistent in demonstrating the skills, knowledge, and behavior obtained via training. With their heavy focus on human resources training and development, employees are more equipped and knowledgeable in tackling problems, changes or any obstacles while performing their tasks which will lead to increased productivity which may be crucial for organizations that may need constant improvement. Employee Retention For an organization to be relying very much on its employees Ritz Carlton have not only provided a unique work environment, it has also recognized the needs to prioritize the health and well-being of its employees as a mean to retain its talented employees. By being able to retain the talented individuals in the organizations, Ritz Carlton will be able to invest their capital more efficiently as they do not need to waste time and money on new hires and re-trainings. High-turnover rate of any organisation will be disruptive and non-productive for the work environment that will might slow down or affect the growth of the organisation. Therefore, retaining the best talent within the organisation is also crucial for any organisations. Ritz Carlton is a good example as they create a very good working environment as they respect others and in return, receive the respect from others with their famous motto â€Å"We are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentleman†. (The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, 2011). Employee Compensation Career development plans, opportunities to promote within the organization, complimentary employee meals and retirement plans are just some of the benefits offered by Ritz Carlton to motivate its employees. Apart from that, Ritz Carlton had also recognized the need to respond to the needs of its employees by getting employee feedback. By having motivated employees, Ritz Carlton had also gained a competitive edge by having more loyal and committed employees who would go the extra mile to get their job done. Conclusion Human Resource (employees) is the greatest asset to an organization as they contribute directly to the growth of an organizations. With capable and talented employees in the workforce, an organization can benefit greatly as its employees could make critical and responsible decisions that determines the progress of an organization. However, an effective and efficient human resource strategy needs to be implemented for both employees and organization to fully benefit from it. In the example of Ritz Carlton where its employees are its greatest asset, its human resource department has taken further measurements by analyzing and identifying the requirements of an individual who can perform the job. With the right attitude and beliefs, its employees are given a wide array of opportunities to learn and develop skills via training which would lead to increased productivity and efficiency. In an attempt to retain its top talents, Ritz Carlton had also been successful in providing attractive benefits, as well as a distinctive work environment, so as to keep its employees motivated, loyal and committed. To conclude, Ritz Carlton had been remarkably successful in its strategy of using its employees as its greatest asset to achieve its goals and objectives. References A. Noe et al.(2010): Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage(7th Edition) . New York: McGraw-Hill D.Hellriegel and W.Slocum (2007): Organizational Behavior (11th Edition) . USA: Thomson South-Western H.Vaughn (2005): The Professional Trainer: A Comprehensive Guide to Planning, Delivering, and Evaluating Training Programs(2nd Edition) . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers M. Armstrong (2008): Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action(4th Edition) . US: Kogan Page Publishers The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company,2011. About Us.[Online]. Available at: http://corporate.ritzcarlton.com/en/About/Default.htm. [Accessed 16 November 2011] The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company,2011. Learn and Develop.[Online]. Available at: http://corporate.ritzcarlton.com/en/Careers/YourCareer/LearningAndDevelopment.htm. [Accessed 16 November 2011] The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, 2011. Gold Standards. [Online]. Available at: http://corporate.ritzcarlton.com/en/About/GoldStandards.htm#promise. [Accessed 16 November 2011] Bibliography H. Koontz and H.Weihrich(2008): Essentials of Management: An International Perspective(7th Edition) . New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill

Free Essays on You Just Don’t Understand

Hear What I Am Really Trying To Say, Tannen’s (1990) book, â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand,† explains heterogeneous facts about men and women’s communication styles. Tannen says once these gender differences are sorted out, men and women can recognize and understand how to confront real conflicts, rather than fighting styles. When men and women learn to accept the opposite sex’s conversational styles, they can learn to understand a shared language- where there is symmetry and negotiation of conflicts. It is important to recognize that these linguistic differences between men and women do not stem solely from what Tannen (1990) describes as â€Å"cross-cultural communication.† There are very apparent differences in speaking styles; for example, women tend to offer suggestions and give reasons, whereas men tend to give demands without reasons. However, the root of communication conflicts is really the result of the opposite natures of male and female. It is the nature of men to be dominant, and it is the nature of women to be submissive; any revolt against these natures, will cause conflict amongst men and women. Tannen says, â€Å"If a man experiences life as a fight for freedom, he is naturally inclined to resist attempts to control him and determine his behavior†(p.152). Since male and female â€Å"natures† influence behavior and conversational styles, they play more of a significant role in communication than we may think; and evidence of this dates clear ba ck to creation. The book of Genesis clearly defines God’s purpose for creating man and woman; God said man (created in the likeness of God) is to have dominion over all the earth and every living creature. Woman (created from man) is to multiply and be a companion for man. God intended there to be orderliness, which is why He designed men and women with very specific biological and psychological differences. These differences distinguish natures and determine male and f... Free Essays on You Just Don’t Understand Free Essays on You Just Don’t Understand Hear What I Am Really Trying To Say, Tannen’s (1990) book, â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand,† explains heterogeneous facts about men and women’s communication styles. Tannen says once these gender differences are sorted out, men and women can recognize and understand how to confront real conflicts, rather than fighting styles. When men and women learn to accept the opposite sex’s conversational styles, they can learn to understand a shared language- where there is symmetry and negotiation of conflicts. It is important to recognize that these linguistic differences between men and women do not stem solely from what Tannen (1990) describes as â€Å"cross-cultural communication.† There are very apparent differences in speaking styles; for example, women tend to offer suggestions and give reasons, whereas men tend to give demands without reasons. However, the root of communication conflicts is really the result of the opposite natures of male and female. It is the nature of men to be dominant, and it is the nature of women to be submissive; any revolt against these natures, will cause conflict amongst men and women. Tannen says, â€Å"If a man experiences life as a fight for freedom, he is naturally inclined to resist attempts to control him and determine his behavior†(p.152). Since male and female â€Å"natures† influence behavior and conversational styles, they play more of a significant role in communication than we may think; and evidence of this dates clear ba ck to creation. The book of Genesis clearly defines God’s purpose for creating man and woman; God said man (created in the likeness of God) is to have dominion over all the earth and every living creature. Woman (created from man) is to multiply and be a companion for man. God intended there to be orderliness, which is why He designed men and women with very specific biological and psychological differences. These differences distinguish natures and determine male and f... Free Essays on You Just Don’t Understand In Deborah Tannen’s #1 National Bestseller book You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation, Tannen explains in her book why men and women have such a hard time communicating between each other. Tannen explains what some of the problems are in our conversations between each other and how these problems occur in our conversations. Tannen further explains the differences in men and women’s conversation styles and how men and women’s talk differs from each other. Tannen and the other authors try to explain aggression. Some Sociolinguist and authors and other professionals in the area of linguistics disagree with some of Tannen’s ideas about conversations, and there are others agree with her. Tannen says in her book â€Å"If we recognize and understand the differences between us, we can take them into account, adjust to, and learn from each other’s styles.† To fully understand Tannen’s ideas about conversations and about men and women’s conversation styles you have to first fully understand about what causes aggression, because Tannen blames many conversation difficulties on men’s aggression and dominance. In her book, Tannen states â€Å"No one could deny that men as a class are dominant in our society, and that many individual men seek to dominate women in their lives.† Anne Campbell the author of Men, Women, and Aggression talked in her book about where aggression comes from, and about what many professionals think about the origins of aggression, including the greatest psychologist ever, Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud argued for two sources of human aggression: Eros, a drive that acts to prolong and reproduce life, and Thanatos, an innate drive toward disintegration that Freud believed was directed against the self. If he was right, how is it that we all don’t commit suicide? In part, it is because of a struggle between Thanatos and Eros, which, luckily for us, Eros usually wins. But it is also because ...

O - Stress And Strain At Work Example

I/O I/O Fried Green Tomatoes: Stress and Coping The movie â€Å"Fried Green Tomatoes† tells the story of friendship between two sets of women. Ruth and Idgie’s relationship are full of dressing episodes while the friendship that existed between Ninny and Evelyn is health and encouraging. The four women are the main characters in the story, its core theme being the murder of Frank, Ruth’s abusive spouse. In the movie, several characters experience stress as a result of different stressors. Evelyn is stressed by the marriage. Idgie is stressed by the death of her brother, and Ruth is subjected to a lot of suffering by her abusive husband. The three cases are closely related to what we have studied in class. The stressors in all the three cases are social in nature. In Idgie’s case, the stressor is also the change that came with his brother’s death. Each of the three characters deal mentioned above deal with emotional strain as a result of their different expe riences. Ruth is emotionally strained as she attempts to cope with her abusive husband. Idgie is strained emotionally due to the death of her brother. The characters attempt to cope with their stresses and strains in various ways. Idgie, for example becomes reserved and withdraws from formal interaction even with her close relations. In this respect, her coping method was ineffective as it did not lead her toward overcoming her stress. It is important for characters to better cope with their stresses or stressors especially if it is not possible to ultimately do away with them. In some cases, people may make irrational choices in trying to deal with stressors. Learning to cope positively with the stressors helps avoid certain ills. In Idgie’s case, there was no way of restoring his brother’s life. This means that she was better placed in copying positively with her loss. By engaging Idgie in a healthy friendship, Ninny managed to help her cope with her situation. In th is respect, Ninny offered her social support which is an effective intervention when dealing with stress. ReferencesAvnet J. (1991) Fried Green Tomatoes. Fannie Flagg and Carol Sobieski. Movie.

Single Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Single Parenting - Essay Example Parenthood has now taken a sharp turn and cases of children being brought up in single families have increased significantly. This has been as a result of divorce cases or children born out of wedlock. In other cases children are born by parents who are just cohabitating and are not legally married. Such children face a lot of challenges both at family level and society level. Such children are usually considered by societies to be illegitimate and thus highly condemnable. These children are therefore born with illegitimacy stigma and are therefore faced by several problems and negative altitudes. Thus, the school counselors should consider such children as a special group when dealing with them so that they can better address their problems (Katz, Dunham & Zimmerman, 1997). Research has revealed that there is a relationship between the changing family structures and children in respect to examination performance, the research shows that children who are brought up by both parents perform better are more resistant to peer pressure influence whereas students from single families... They also have a higher rate of dropping out of school as compared to those children brought up in a family structure consisting of both parents; they also have greater psychological and social problems. Variation of deviant behavior among the children from single families depends on what caused the single family structure. Studies have shown that those as a result of divorce are more likely to be more deviant as compared to the children raised in single families where one of the parents may have died or born of single mothers. The worst case of deviant behavior is when a child is raised by either a step mother or a step father who mistreat them in their early development stages. Such children develop very negative altitudes in life which often accompany them throughout their lives. While dealing with such children, the school teachers and counselors should consider their plight, so as to be able to assist them in an attempt to prevent them from engaging in deviant behavior (Shih, 20 08). Single parents are faced with numerous problems in raising their children, they sped a lot of energy and time in practicing parenting and yet their results usually have numerous shortcomings. With out help from the other spouse and society single parents try to raise their children effectively. However, monitoring discipline among their children is quite difficult since the burden is laid on one person who is also expected to provide for the entire family with all their needs. The children can therefore take advantage of their parents and engage in practices that are considered to be defiant. It might not be possible for the parent to monitor each child closely and therefore the children who have a propensity of misbehaving have an opportunity to do

Management Control Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Control Systems - Essay Example Management control systems refer to the ways a company collects information to manage and control the activities regarding accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives in an effective manner. It is a fact that without proper management, no goal can be achieved in a timely manner as various difficulties can arise in this process which need a proper resolution. A management control system helps management and employees perform their assigned activities in a proper manner using the information stored in it. Management control systems refer to the way a company collects information to use it to accomplish organizational goals and objectives in an effective manner. A management control system helps employees and management in performing their assigned activities in a proper manner using the information and guidelines stored in the system. Management control systems deal with every system of a company, which may include accounting methods, employee benefit programs, performance ap praisal, and performance improvement systems. However, companies need to use management control systems as packages to make the most efficient use of these systems. ... s, activities, tasks, goals and objectives, and guidelines regarding every particular department and business process which managers and employees can use to perform their respective activities. For example, when the top management of a company has to hire new employees for any particular department of the company, they refer to the guidelines stored in the management control system which help them perform candidates’ selection and evaluation in a defined manner. It also helps managers assign relevant tasks and duties to new employees. Moreover, they assist top management in performing performance and productivity analyses, as well as in developing employee benefit programs. Today, the business world is changing rapidly because of the changes in technology, nature of competition, and consumer behaviors. Companies need to change their management control systems accordingly to benefit from the ongoing changes instead of leaving behind in the race of competition. Companies need t o demonstrate their knowledge regarding change to react positively to the changes in the external environment to maintain the key performance indicators, as well as the levels of productivity and profitability. Managers of companies need to link operational control and strategic planning by using the guidelines of management control systems. As Asel (2009, p. 4) states, â€Å"the focus of MCS is not only on one form of control like performance measures but on multiple control systems working together. They can use management control systems to direct all administrative matters, as well as to manage the issues of employees. 3. Management Control Systems as Packages As Sandelin (2008, p. 324) states, â€Å"the functionality of a control package depends on internal consistency, specifically on the